芳香療法在口腔健康中的應用及效果 - NAHA 期刊 2023 冬季
芳香療法在口腔健康中的應用及效果 - NAHA 期刊 2023 冬季
目錄
探索咀嚼棒和草本漱口水
從最初發現血細胞和細菌到人類乳突病毒(HPV)疫苗被正常化以降低對某些癌症的風險1,牙科領域已經與醫學一起進化並交織在一起。在人類的整個經驗中,植物作為藥物的使用一直在許多文化中保持著活躍。超過80%的世界人口使用植物來治療各種疾病2,3。就口腔護理而言,中國、埃及和印度的人們使用咀嚼棒來清潔牙齒。然而,像美國和西歐國家這樣的西方國家是少數不利用草藥療法好處的地方之一,因此它們在藥物和疫苗方面的重點很大4。作為芳香療法師,我們可能會與需要口腔健康支持的客戶打交道5。了解這些植物只會加強所有人的選擇。
植物基牙刷和牙膏
沒有足夠的口腔衛生習慣,口腔中的細菌就會積聚,引起各種牙齒問題。保持口腔衛生的最基本和最具成本效益的方法之一是使用植物提取的牙刷和牙膏-這是一種跨文化和歷史悠久的做法。然而,具體使用的材料和方法卻有很大的差異。
古典瑪雅人使用的植物
從古典瑪雅人的人牙樣本中收集的許多植物遺骸中包括松樹(Pinus spp.)樹脂。樹脂僅在直接塗抹在牙齒上時才出現。因此,人們認為松樹(Pinus spp.)樹脂被用來治療牙齒疾病,就像牙膏一樣6。自公元前3500-3000年起,埃及和巴比倫文化就報告了帶有磨損刷毛端的樹枝,這表明了最早形式的牙刷7。
中國和印度的咀嚼棒
在中國,使用咀嚼棒促進口腔健康的記錄也可追溯至公元前1600年,據報導有使口氣清新的效果8。這些咀嚼棒的有效性主要歸因於其芳香特性。這些咀嚼棒主要來自於牙刷樹(Salvadora persica)9的咀嚼棒或阿拉克(Arak)。但是,這些咀嚼棒還使用豬頸部的毛髮製成刷毛,以形成牙刷。在其他南亞國家,使用阿拉克(Salvadora persica)樹枝製成的咀嚼棒在口腔中表現出抗菌特性10。與中國的咀嚼棒不同,中國的咀嚼棒使用動物毛製成刷毛,印度的牙刷刷毛則是通過咀嚼樹枝製成刷毛以清潔牙齒。11
楝樹的應用
印度楝(Azadirachta indica)植物生長在印度等熱帶地區,其樹枝、種子、葉子和樹皮具有抗菌和抗發炎特性。12-15 楝(Azadirachta indica)油提取物保留了這些特性。16 這些樹枝被特別證明可以抑制齲齒和牙菌斑的主要原因——鏈球菌(Streptococcus mutans)的生長;負責抗菌和抗發炎特性的主要植物化學物包括楝內酯、阿札瑞克腦和楝酮。17 楝(Azadirachta indica)樹木基礎的牙膏也可能對口腔健康非常有益。由樹皮提取物或葉子製成的牙膏可能對治療牙齦問題、口腔潰瘍、齲齒甚至口腔疼痛具有療效,因為其中含有楝內酯、楝酮和楝酸。18 通過在當地生產這種牙膏,人們可以獲得更全面的牙科治療。
草本漱口水
如今,許多商業漱口水含有來自各種植物物種的精油。這並不奇怪,因為這些精油來自的許多植物長期以來在口腔健康方面具有明顯的好處。波蘭的一項研究發現,在241種商業漱口水中,有47.3%含有精油,其中一些最常見的化學成分包括百里香酚、丁香酚、桉樹醇和薄荷腦。20
抑制鏈球菌的植物成分
Thymol(源自百里香(Thymus vulgaris))、薄荷腦(源自薄荷(Mentha × piperita))和桉叶醇(源自桉树属(Eucalyptus spp.))均显示出抑制链球菌(S. mutans)的作用。21,22 丁香酚(丁香(Eugenia caryophyllata)的主要成分)也显示出抑制链球菌(S. mutans)以及缓解口腔疾病引起的疼痛的作用。23
其他草本漱口水的效果
已進行正式研究,以探討牙買加咀嚼枝或白根(Gouania lupuloides),以及紅鼠尾草(Lantana camara),對口腔微生物的影響。這兩種植物的水提取物對於諸如 S. mutans 等各種細菌有較強的抗菌活性。24-25
結論
儘管在美國和歐洲,植物為基礎的牙科治療並不是唯一的治療方法,但全世界其他地區的人們仍然依賴於植物。本文提供了一些植物為基礎的牙科衛生的例子,這些例子不僅在全球範圍內繼續被使用,而且具有與非植物為基礎商業選擇相媲美的抗菌性能。隨著對這一主題的更多關注,人們將能夠理解完整的口腔醫學。例如,一項研究調查了喀麥隆的200名傳統醫生以及他們如何治療或管理口腔問題。他們發現,52種植物中的48種有助於處理牙痛、喉嚨痛、口腔潰瘍、膿瘍、破裂的牙齒和下顎、牙齒敏感、口腔鵝口瘡、龍牙症、牙周炎、鼻竇炎、扁桃體炎、口腔乾燥症、口腔梅毒、口腔癌、顳下頜關節疼痛、口臭和牙齒美白,另外有四種植物用於牙齒拔除。31 此外,繼續研究植物為基礎的牙科衛生為美國和歐洲的牙醫提供了更多的治療選擇,特別是對於那些可能無法使用或負擔商業產品的患者。牙科醫學的演變已經支持了這些植物為基礎的口腔衛生習慣的使用。通過進一步的研究,甚至是芳香療法師的支持,更多的人將擁有健康的口腔和整體更強壯的健康。
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